ES 1 The Storm King Site, located in Orange County, New York, is adjacent to West Point and encompasses the entire Palisades Park and adjacent portion of the NY Central Railroad easement. An Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) was conducted to characterize the type, location and distribution of ordnance and explosives (OE) and unexploded ordnance (UXO) present within the project site, in accordance with the approved project Work Plan. A third area was originally included as part of this EE/CA investigation. The Putnam County Foundry (the Foundry) ruins and surrounding grounds, covering approximately 54 acres were deleted from this EE/CA investigation after the property owner, the Scenic Hudson Land Trust, chose not to grant right-of-entry (ROE) citing historical and archaeological concerns. Therefore, the Foundry is only briefly discussed in this document as it pertains to potential UXO/OE presence in the Storm King Site.

ES 2 Palisades Park (The Park) is north and west of the former Crows Nest, which was utilized both by the West Point Military Academy (West Point) and the Putnam County Foundry (the Foundry) as a firing target since the early 1800s. The cannons manufactured at the Foundry were tested or "proofed" by firing projectiles toward the mountains across from the town of Cold Spring, New York. Frequently the guns were demonstrated in support of sales expositions or for general exhibition for visiting dignitaries such as then President Lincoln. The Crows Nest area was then and still remains a generally undeveloped parcel within the confines of the West Point.

ES 3 The Park and adjacent railway easement comprise the entire 1901.3-acre site. Concerns regarding the presence of ordnance items within the Park were raised following a fire in August 1999. As a result the Park was closed to the public and remains closed pending evaluation of UXO/OE public safety risks. The potential UXO/OE safety hazards within the Park and the adjacent New York Central Railroad parcel consist of a variety of Civil War, Spanish American War, and World War I ordnance items including cannon balls and various artillery rounds spanning nearly 200 years. UXO that may be potentially encountered at the Storm King Site includes: 75 and 120mm high explosive (HE) artillery rounds, projectiles ranging in size from 2.5 to 8-inches, 10-pounder, 20pounder, and 30-pounder Parrott gun artillery rounds, and 6.4-, 8-, and 10-inch caliber cannon balls.

ES 4 Several investigations have been conducted in or near the project site to date. A UXO/OE survey of the Crows Nest area within West Point was conducted in 1994 to determine the types and extent of residual UXO/OE present. As part of the survey, an assessment of the lands adjacent to the Crows Nest area was performed to determine if the presence of UXO/OE extended beyond the West Point property boundaries. Several types of UXO (unexploded fuzed and fired ordnance) were identified during the survey varied from a 2.25-inch projectile to half of a 15-inch diameter mortar shell from the Civil War era. However, 75mm projectiles were the predominant UXO items identified. A Time Critical Removal Action (TCRA) was conducted in 1999/2000 to clear trails, trailheads, firebreaks, and highway shoulder areas within the Park of potential UXO/OE. A total of 36 acres were surface cleared of UXO/OE from which 23 UXO items recovered and destroyed by onsite detonation.

ES 5 The Storm King Site was divided into three (3) sectors for evaluation based on primarily the ordnance-related debris distribution encountered during this EE/CA. The sectors were designated Sectors A, B, and C. Sector A included the land around White Horse Mountain and west of Highway 9W. Sector B included the property north of the Crows Nest Target. Sector C encompassed all remaining lands not otherwise included in one of the other two sectors.

ES 6 For the EE/CA a geophysical survey to detect ferrous metal objects was performed at the Storm King Site between June 16 and October 11, 2001. The total area surveyed was approximately 81.36 acres, comprised of small survey grids distributed throughout the site to provide representative coverage. An intrusive investigation was conducted from September 11 through November 27, 2001 to investigate anomalies identified during the geophysical survey. Atotal of 7,165 anomalies were intrusively investigated during this EE/CA investigation. Ten UXO items were discovered, all within Sector B. Nine of the UXO items were 75mm projectiles and one was a 6-inch MK 34 projectile. A total of 476 of the 7,165 anomalies intrusively investigated at the Storm King Site contained items designated by the intrusive field teams as ordnance related scrap.

ES 7 No UXO or OE-scrap was identified in Sector C and therefore additional investigation is not recommended for this sector. However, since the Park controls most of the project site, site-wide institutional controls (IC) including such items as brochures, trail head exhibits, and various other public awareness tools are proposed regardless of individual sector UXO/OE recommended response actions. Park management is in concurrence with the site-wide IC recommendations.

ES 8 During the EE/CA investigation, all UXO was located in Sector B and at depths of less than 6 inches. Further, the majority of the ordnance-related scrap was also recovered in Sector B with 94% recovered either on the surface or from depths of less than 6 inches. Therefore, the recommended UXO/OE response action alternative for this sector is clearance to 6-inch depth. A sector specific IC component is also recommended to include signage along the sector boundary and other high-traffic areas.

ES 9 For Sector A, two inert OE scrap items were identified during the EE/CA. Both of these items are in proximity to the boundary of adjacent Sector B (the Crows Nest) overshoot area. The maximum fragmentation radius of a typical 75mm projectile is 1701 feet, placing these items well within the range of fragmentation for an impact in Sector B detonation. Furthermore, no other ordnance-related debris was identified in Sector A. Therefore, no additional UXO/OE response action was recommended for Sector A above the site-wide IC as described in paragraph ES7.

ES 10 The Palisades Interstate Park Commission intends to use Sectors A, B, and C for passive recreational use. As a result of the lack of UXO contamination identified during the EE/CA, no UXO/OE removal action is recommended for Sectors A and C. Therefore, Sectors A and C can be used for the intended land use (day hiking and hunting) with established institutional controls.

ES 11 The passive recreational use for Sector B for hunting is the principle reason for the recommended removal action. Other Park users like hikers would benefit from the removal action with wider trails in Sector B. Prior to a removal action, Sector B can be opened to day hiking with established institutional controls warning hikers to restrict their activities .to the trails' 25-foot width only. Sector B should be closed to hunting until budgets and schedules allow phased removal actions in the future. Since a surface clearance to 6 inches cannot guarantee a 100 percent removal of UXO, firefighting in Sector B is not recommended at any time.

Revision No: 4 07/12/02 Contract No. DACA87-00-D-0038